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Rookie
Total Posts: 62
Joined 2008-07-08
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Hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, is caused by the slow buildup of plaque inside the artery walls. Plaque is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in your blood. Eventually, the plaque buildup may narrow the inside of an artery -- or block the artery completely.
Researchers don't know exactly how atherosclerosis begins. Plaque buildup may begin when the lining of the artery is damaged or injured. In other cases, an immune system response may contribute to the development of plaque, and the resulting inflammation may lead to atherosclerosis. Despite the unknowns, researchers have identified various risk factors for atherosclerosis. These include:
• age (For men, the risk increases after age 45. For women, the risk increases after age 55.)
• a personal or family history of heart disease
• diabetes
• high cholesterol
• high blood pressure
• high-fat diet
• sedentary lifestyle
• obesity
• smoking
Although you can't modify your age or family history, you can control other risk factors. For example, your doctor may recommend beginning a regular exercise program and eating less fat, cholesterol and salt. In addition to improving your heart health, these changes may help you lose any excess pounds. If you smoke, quit. Finally, medication may be prescribed to help control conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol or high blood pressure
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